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- OUR INVESTIGATION <P>
-
- Despite the numerous problems outlined above, we believed it
- worthwhile to gain additional information because so many people
- had contacted us with questions. On September 19, 1992, Stefula,
- Butler, and Hansen traveled to New York City in order to visit the
- site of the alleged abduction. We found that Linda's apartment
- complex has a large courtyard with guard house manned 24 hours a
- day. We talked with the security guard and his supervisor and
- asked if they had ever heard about a UFO encounter near the
- complex. They reported hearing nothing about one. We also asked
- if the police routinely enter the complex and undertake door-to-door
- canvassing in order to find witnesses to crimes. They said that
- this was a very rare practice. We obtained the name and
- phone number of the apartment manager and called him a few days
- later. He reported knowing nothing about the UFO sighting, nor had
- he heard anything about it from any of the approximately 1600
- residents in the complex. <P>
-
- We also visited the site under the FDR drive where Richard and Dan
- purportedly parked their car. This was in a direct line of sight
- and nearly across the street from the loading dock of the New York
- Post. We spoke with an employee of the Post, who told us that the dock
- was in use through most of the night. A few days later, we called the
- New York Post and spoke to the person who was the loading dock manager
- in 1989. He told us that the dock is in use until 5:00 a.m. and that
- there are many trucks that come and go frequently during the early
- morning hours. The manager knew nothing of the UFO which supposedly
- appeared only a couple blocks away.
-
- Also in September, a colleague of ours contacted the Downtown Heliport,
- on Pier Six on the East River of Manhattan. That is the only heliport
- on the east side of Manhattan between Linda's apartment and the lower tip
- of the island. Our colleague was informed that the normal hours of
- operation of the heliport are from 7:00 a.m to 7:00 p.m. The Senior
- Airport Operations Agent researched the records and found that there
- were no helicopter movements on November 30, 1989 before normal hours.
- Our colleague was also told that about six months previously, the
- heliport authorities had been approached by a man in his fifties with
- white hair who had made a similar inquiry. That man had asked about a
- UFO that had crashed into the East River.
-
- The Meeting of October 3
-
- On October 3, 1992, we met with Hopkins and his colleagues at his
- residence in Manhattan. Among those in attendance were David Jacobs,
- Walter H. Andrus, and Jerome Clark. During our meeting a number of
- questions were raised, and some of Hopkins' answers revealed a great deal
- about his investigations as well as the attitudes of Jacobs, Andrus, and
- Clark. Linda's statements also told us much.
-
- We inquired if Hopkins had asked the guards of the apartment complex
- whether they had seen the UFO. He indicated that he had not done so.
- This is quite surprising, considering that the UFO was so bright that the
- woman on the bridge had to shield her eyes from it even though she was
- more than a quarter mile distant. One would have thought that Hopkins
- would have made inquiries of the guards considering the spectacular
- nature of the event.
-
- We noted that Linda had claimed that police canvassing of her apartment
- complex was a common occurrence. We asked Hopkins if he had attempted to
- verify this with the guards or the building manager. He indicated that
- he did not feel it necessary. Although this is a minor point, it is
- one of the few directly checkable statements made by Linda, but Hopkins
- did not attempt to confirm it.
-
- We asked about the weather on the night of the abduction. Amazingly,
- Hopkins told us that he didn't know the weather conditions for that
- period. This was perhaps one of the most revealing moments, and it
- gives great insight into Hopkins' capabilities as an investigator. If
- the weather had been foggy, rainy, or snowing, the visibility could
- have been greatly hampered, and the reliability of the testimony of the
- witnesses would need to be evaluated accordingly. Even the very first
- form in the MUFON Field Investigator's Manual requests information on
- weather conditions (Fowler, 1983, p. 30). We ourselves did check the
- weather and knew the conditions did not impede visibility. But the
- fact that Hopkins apparently had not bothered to obtain even this most
- basic investigatory information was illuminating. He claims to have
- much supporting evidence that he has not revealed to outsiders; however,
- because of Hopkins' demonstrated failure to check even the most
- rudimentary facts, we place absolutely no credence in his undisclosed
- "evidence."
-
- During the discussions, Hopkins' partisans made allusions to other world
- figures involved in this event, though they did not give names. Hopkins'
- supporters, who had been given information denied to us, seemed to
- believe that there was a large motorcade that carried Perez de Cuellar
- and these other dignitaries in the early morning hours of November 30,
- 1989. At the meeting, we presented an outside expert consultant who for
- many years had served in dignitary protective services. He described the
- extensive preplanning required for moving officials and the massive
- coordination during the movements. Many people and networks would be
- alerted if there were any problems at all (such as a car stalling, or a
- delay in passing checkpoints). His detailed presentation seemed to take
- Hopkins aback. The consultant listed several specialized terms used by
- the dignitary protective services and suggested that Hopkins ask Richard
- and Dan the meaning of those terms as a test of their knowledge, and
- thus credibility. As far as we know, Hopkins has failed to contact
- Richard and Dan about that matter.
-
- During the beginning part of the October 3 meeting, Linda's husband
- answered a few questions (in a very quiet voice). He seemed to have
- difficulty with some of them, and Linda spoke up to "correct" his
- memory. He left the meeting very early, even though Linda was under
- considerable stress, and despite the fact that she was overheard asking
- him to stay by her side. His leaving raised many questions in our minds.
-
- Linda also responded to questions during the meeting. Early in the
- discussion, Hansen asked Linda's husband whether he was born and raised
- in the U.S. He replied that he had come to this country when he was
- 17. Linda promptly interjected that she knew why Hansen had asked that
- question. During a prior telephone conversation between Linda and
- Hansen, Linda had asserted that her husband was born and raised in New
- York. She acknowledged that she had previously deliberately misled
- Hansen.
-
- Later in the meeting the question arose about a financial agreement
- between Linda and Hopkins. Stefula noted that Linda had told him that
- she and Hopkins had an agreement to split profits from a book. Hopkins
- denied that there was any such arrangement, and Linda then claimed that
- she had deliberately planted disinformation.
-
- During the meeting, reports were heard from two psychologists. They
- concluded that Linda's intelligence was in the "average" range. One
- suggested that Linda would need the mind of a Bobby Fischer to plan
- and execute any hoax that could explain this case and that she was not
- capable of orchestrating such a massive, complex operation. Although
- these were supposedly professional opinions, we were not given the names
- of these psychologists.
-
- Ms. Penelope Franklin also attended the meeting. She is a close
- colleague of Hopkins and the editor of IF--The Bulletin of the Intruders
- Foundation. Hopkins had previously informed us in writing that Ms.
- Franklin was a coinvestigator on the Napolitano case. In a conversation
- during a break in the meeting, Franklin asserted to Hansen that Linda was
- absolutely justified in lying about the case. This remarkable statement
- was also witnessed by Vincent Creevy, who happened to be standing between
- Franklin and Hansen.
-
- Franklin's statement raises very troubling questions, especially given
- her prominence within Hopkins' circle of colleagues. Her statement
- appears to violate all norms of scientific integrity. We can only wonder
- whether Linda has been counseled to lie by Hopkins or his colleagues.
- Have other abductees been given similar advice? What kind of a social
- and ethical environment are Hopkins and Franklin creating for abductees?
- We also cannot help but wonder whether Hopkins and Franklin believe it
- appropriate for themselves to lie about the case. They owe the UFO
- research community an explanation for Franklin's statement. If such is
- not forthcoming, we simply cannot accept them as credible investigators.
-
- HOPKINS' REACTION TO OUR INVESTIGATION
-
- In concluding his Mufon UFO Journal paper, Hopkins wrote: "if rumors are
- true and there are officially sanctioned intelligence agents within the
- various UFO investigative networks, these people will also be mobilized
- to subvert the case from the inside, even before its full dimensions
- are made known to the public at large" (Hopkins, 1992c, p. 16). Hopkins
- apparently takes this idea quite seriously. After he learned of our
- investigation, he warned Butler that he suspected Butler and Stefula of
- being government agents and that he planned to inform others of his
- suspicions. A few weeks after our October 3 meeting, he told people
- that he suspected Hansen of being a CIA agent. This was not an offhand
- remark made to a friend in an informal setting; rather this was asserted
- to a woman whom he did not know and who had happened to attend one of
- his lectures (member of MUFON in New Jersey who feared future
- repercussions if her name was mentioned, personal communication,
- November 7, 1992).
-
- A POSSIBLE LITERARY BASIS FOR ELEMENTS OF THE STORY
-
- This case is quite exotic, even for a UFO abduction. Government agents
- are involved, the UN Secretary General is a key witness, Linda was
- kidnapped in the interests of national security, concerns are expressed
- about world peace, the CIA is attempting to discredit the case, and
- the ETs helped end the Cold War. The story is truly marvellous, and one
- might wonder about its origin. We wish to draw the readers' attention to
- the science fiction novel, Nighteyes, by Garfield Reeves-Stevens. This
- work was first published in April 1989, a few months before Linda
- claimed to have been abducted from her apartment.
-
- The experiences reported by Linda seem to be a composite of those
- of two characters in Nighteyes: Sarah and Wendy. The parallels are
- striking; some are listed in Table 1. We have not bothered to include
- the similarities commonly reported in abduction experiences (e.g.,
- implants, bodily examinations, probes, etc.). The parallels are
- sufficiently numerous to lead us to suspect that the novel served as the
- basis for Linda's story. We want to emphasize that the parallels are
- with discrete elements of the case and not with the story line itself.
-
- Table 1 - Similarities Between the Linda Napolitano Case and the
- Science Fiction Novel Nighteyes
-
- * Linda was abducted into a UFO hovering over her high-rise
- apartment building in New York City.
-
- Sarah was abducted into a UFO hovering over her high-rise apartment
- building in New York City.
-
- * Dan and Richard initially claimed to have been on a stakeout and
- were involved in a UFO abduction in during early morning hours.
-
- Early in Nighteyes two government agents were on a stakeout and
- became involved in a UFO abduction during early morning hours.
-
- * Linda was kidnapped and thrown into a car by Richard and Dan.
-
- Wendy was kidnapped and thrown into a van by Derek and Merril.
-
- * Linda claimed to have been under surveillance by someone in a van.
-
- Vans were used for surveillance in Nighteyes.
-
- * Dan is a security and intelligence agent.
-
- Derek was an FBI agent.
-
- * Dan was hospitalized for emotional trauma.
-
- One of the government agents in Nighteyes was hospitalized for
- emotional trauma.
-
- * During the kidnapping Dan took Linda to a safe house.
-
- During the kidnapping Derek took Wendy to a safe house.
-
- * The safe house Linda visited was on the beach.
-
- In Nighteyes, one safe house was on the beach.
-
- * Before her kidnapping, Linda contacted Budd Hopkins about her
- abduction.
-
- Before her kidnapping, Wendy contacted Charles Edward Starr about
- her abduction.
-
- * Budd Hopkins is a prominent UFO abduction researcher living in New
- York City and an author who has written books on the topic.
-
- Charles Edward Starr was a prominent UFO abduction researcher living
- in New York City and an author who had written books on the topic.
-
- * Linda and Dan were abducted at the same time and communicated
- with each other during their abductions.
-
- Wendy and Derek were abducted at the same time and communicated
- with each other during their abductions.
-
- * Linda thought she "knew" Richard previously.
-
- Wendy "knew" Derek previously.
-
- * Dan expressed a romantic interest in Linda.
-
- Derek became romantically involved with Wendy.
-
- * Dan and Richard felt considerable vibration during the close
- encounter.
-
- During the UFO landing in Nighteyes there was much vibration.
-
- * Photographs of Linda were taken on the beach and sent to
- Hopkins.
-
- In Nighteyes, photographs taken on a beach played a central role.
-
- THE REACTION OF THE UFOLOGY'S LEADERSHIP
-
- One of the most curious features of our investigation has been the
- reaction of several prominent leaders in ufology. Indeed, in the
- long run, this may turn out to be the most important part of the entire
- affair.
-
- After the MUFON symposium in July, Stefula had several conversations
- with Walter Andrus, International Director of MUFON. Andrus told him
- that MUFON had no interest in publishing any material critical of this
- case even though they had published an article describing it as "The
- Abduction Case of the Century." This is a most surprising statement
- from a leader of an organization which purports to be scientific.
- Andrus' statements should raise questions about the legitimacy of
- MUFON's claims to use objective, scientific methods.
-
- On September 14, 1992, Hopkins faxed Butler a letter saying that as a
- long-standing member of MUFON, he was issuing an "order" (his word). He
- "ordered" Stefula and Butler to stop their investigation of the case.
- We found this very curious, and we wondered how Hopkins, as a member
- of MUFON, could believe that it was in his power to issue such an
- "order." His letter seemed to reflect the mindset of a leader of a cult
- rather than that of an investigator searching for the truth.
-
- For the meeting on October 3 in New York City, Hopkins flew in his
- close friend Jerome Clark from Minnesota. Under the sway of Hopkins,
- Clark strenuously urged that outsiders cease investigations, thus
- seemingly trying to reinforce Hopkins' earlier "order" (despite the
- fact that the case already had been reported in the Wall Street Journal,
- Omni, Paris Match and the television show Inside Edition). Clark
- (1992a) later committed his position to writing, saying that this case
- may indeed involve a world political figure and have international
- consequences.
-
- Andrus and Clark are arguably the two most influential figures in U.S.
- ufology. Andrus is International Director of the Mutual UFO Network
- (MUFON), and he organizes the largest annual conference on UFOs in the
- country and regularly writes for MUFON's monthly magazine. Clark is a
- columnist for Fate magazine, editor of International UFO Reporter,
- vice-president of the J. Allen Hynek Center for UFO Studies, and author
- of books and even an encyclopedia on UFOs. Because of their eminence,
- their statements should be of special concern to the UFO research
- community.
-
- At the meeting on October 3, the kidnapping and attempted murder of
- Linda were discussed. We informed Hopkins and the other participants
- that we were prepared to make a formal request for a federal
- investigation of the government agents responsible for the alleged
- felonies. Hopkins, Andrus, and Clark appeared to literally panic at
- the suggestion. They vigorously argued against making such a request.
- We could only conclude that they wanted to suppress evidence of
- attempted murder. We wondered why.
-
- This situation seemed so outrageous that a few days later Hansen called
- Andrus, Clark, John Mack, and David Jacobs and asked them if they really
- believed Linda's story about the kidnappings and attempted murder.
- All of these individuals said that they accepted her account. We were
- forced to seriously consider their opinions because they had been given
- secret information not revealed to us. During the telephone
- conversations, Andrus and Clark again strongly objected to requesting an
- investigation by law enforcement authorities.
-
-